In many myths and legends animals and people could communicate when the world was young. Some cultures even have myths that trace their ancestry back to a specific animal. Totems are sacred animals believed to be ancestors or protectors of their clan. The Native Americans of the Northwest often display these animals on totem poles. In other cultures they are displayed as family crests and a picture of the animal is often drawn on their shields so it can accompany them into battle.
Many myths attribute the world's beginnings to animals. In Native American Haida mythology Raven found the first humans hiding in a clam shell and released them into the world. The Plains Indians attribute creation to Coyote. After forming man out of mud he spoke all the others into being.
In many Native American creation stories the earth began when a water animal brings up mud from the bottom of the ocean. There are several variations of these stories. The Iroquois creation myth tells of a great Sky woman who falls out of the sky. She is caught by the animals that send toad to the bottom of the sea to bring mud to the surface. They then stack mud onto turtle's back until it formed the continent of North America. Interestingly these earth-diver myths can be found among the coastal cultures in Asia as well. It is thought that the Native Americans carried these stories with them when they migrated across the Bering Strait.
The snake also plays a role in many creation stories. Lord Vishnu of Hindu mythology slept in the coils of a gigantic cobra. When he woke up he told the god Brahma that it was time to create the world. The Aboriginal people of Australia tell of a great Rainbow Serpent that emerged from the ground and drew out all of the other animals. Some African creation myths are also centered around a great python like rainbow snake that lies coiled beneath the world and keeps it from falling. Jormungandr, the serpent of Norse mythology, is said to be wrapped around the earth with his tail in his mouth. Legend says that if he ever releases his tail the world will be destroyed.
The creation myth of the Japanese Ainu people describes the world as a great swamp with nothing but an enormous trout in it. God placed the earth on the back of the great fish and he became its foundation. As the trout breathes water in and out the tides ebb and flow. If he takes too much water in the causes a tsunami when he exhales, and if he flops about too much he causes an earthquake.
Even the smallest creatures play a role in creation mythology. According to a South American myth, a beetle created the world and then formed people from the leftover grains that had been left behind.